Introduction to the UK Kennel Club Toy Group
The Toy Group of the UK Kennel Club features some of the smallest and most charming breeds in the dog world. Bred primarily for companionship, these dogs were designed to be affectionate lapdogs, often gracing the laps of royalty and nobility throughout history. Despite their tiny stature, Toy breeds often come with big personalities—clever, confident, and often quite bold.
What defines the Toy Group isn’t simply size, but purpose. These dogs were not traditionally bred for work like herding, guarding, or hunting; instead, their main job has always been to be close to people. That said, don’t be fooled by their dainty appearance—many Toy breeds have surprisingly sturdy bodies, lively temperaments, and a mischievous streak that belies their delicate looks.
Among the most well-known breeds in the Toy Group are the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, with its gentle expression and affectionate nature; the spirited Chihuahua, the world’s smallest dog breed; and the ever-popular Pomeranian, known for its fluffy coat and larger-than-life attitude. Others in the group include the Papillon, the Pekingese, the Italian Greyhound, and the Yorkshire Terrier—each with its own fascinating history and devoted following.
Toy dogs are well-suited to life in smaller spaces, making them a popular choice for city dwellers and those living in apartments. However, their sociable nature means they thrive best when they’re included in daily life and not left alone for long periods. Many Toy breeds are alert and vocal, often making excellent watchdogs despite their size.
Whether you’re looking for a cuddly companion, a playful sidekick, or a pint-sized show dog with style and elegance, the Toy Group offers an impressive variety of breeds to match almost any personality or lifestyle. While they may be small in stature, their charm, loyalty, and spirit are anything but miniature.
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Affenpinscher
The Affenpinscher is a distinctive little dog with a bold character and a long European history. Originating in Germany in the 1600s, its name comes from the German word “Affe,” meaning monkey, a reference to its expressive face and mischievous nature. These early Affenpinschers were slightly larger than the breed we know today and were valued for their skill as ratters, used to keep homes, stables, and shops free of vermin. Over time, their charming looks and engaging personality saw them refined into smaller companions suitable for life indoors.
Measuring between 24 and 28 cm at the shoulder and weighing around 3 to 4 kg, the Affenpinscher is compact but sturdy. It has a rough, wiry coat and a distinctive beard and moustache that give it a somewhat comical, yet endearing, appearance. Its gait is confident and lively, reflecting its fearless and inquisitive temperament. Though small, this breed is no lapdog—Affenpinschers are alert, brave, and sometimes stubborn, with a strong sense of independence. They are loyal and often form strong bonds with one person.
While not commonly seen in the public eye, one Affenpinscher gained fame in the show ring. In 2013, a black Affenpinscher named Banana Joe won Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in New York, becoming the first of his breed to achieve that honour. His win brought global attention to this rare but captivating breed.
The Affenpinscher remains a charming and spirited companion, well-suited to those who appreciate a dog with character, history, and a touch of comedy.
Italian Greyhound
The Italian Greyhound is an elegant, fine-boned breed with a history stretching back over 2,000 years. Favoured by Roman nobility, these graceful little dogs were depicted in ancient art and mosaics, often seen lounging in luxury or accompanying their owners on hunts. Their slender build and gentle temperament made them prized companions across Europe’s courts during the Renaissance, particularly in Italy, where the breed was refined into the delicate form we know today.
Standing between 32 and 38 cm at the shoulder and typically weighing around 3.6 to 4.5 kg, the Italian Greyhound is the smallest of the sighthounds. Despite their delicate appearance, they are athletic and agile, capable of quick bursts of speed and elegant, balletic movement. Their short, fine coat enhances their sleek silhouette, and their long, slender legs give them a unique, deer-like quality.
Italian Greyhounds were bred purely for companionship, although they still retain the chasing instinct of their larger Greyhound relatives. They are affectionate, sensitive, and form strong bonds with their families. They thrive in calm environments and are known for being both playful and devoted.
Famous figures throughout history have favoured the breed. Frederick the Great of Prussia had a beloved Italian Greyhound named Biche, who accompanied him everywhere—even into battle. More recently, they’ve found fans among fashion designers and celebrities who admire their understated elegance.
The Italian Greyhound remains a graceful and loving companion, combining ancient heritage with a modern charm that continues to appeal to dog lovers around the world.
Australian Silky Terrier
The Australian Silky Terrier, often simply called the Silky Terrier, is a small, lively breed developed in Australia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was created by crossing native Australian Terriers with imported Yorkshire Terriers, resulting in a compact dog that combines the rugged spirit of terriers with the refined appearance of a companion breed. Though originally bred for both companionship and vermin control, the Silky quickly gained popularity as a household pet due to its affectionate nature and elegant looks.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Australian Silky Terrier stands around 23 cm at the shoulder and weighs approximately 3.5 to 4.5 kg. Despite its dainty frame, it is a robust and active dog with a true terrier temperament—alert, brave, and always ready to investigate. Its coat is one of its most distinctive features: long, straight, and silky, it parts down the middle and requires regular grooming to keep it free of tangles and debris.
Silkies are intelligent, inquisitive, and full of personality. They thrive on human interaction and are known for forming close bonds with their families. While small in size, they are spirited and confident, often unaware of their own diminutive stature.
Although not as widely known as some toy breeds, the Australian Silky Terrier has enjoyed a steady following in its native country and abroad. It became particularly popular in post-war America after servicemen stationed in the Pacific brought them home.
Today, the Australian Silky Terrier is cherished for its combination of elegance and tenacity. It’s a breed that offers all the charm of a toy dog with the heart and courage of a true terrier.
Japanese Chin
The Japanese Chin is a charming and aristocratic toy breed with a long and distinguished history. Despite its name, the breed is believed to have originated in China and was introduced to Japan as a gift to the Imperial family, possibly as early as the 6th or 7th century. Once in Japan, the breed was refined and became a favourite of the nobility, living lives of luxury and often being carried in the sleeves of kimonos.
The Japanese Chin was bred solely as a companion dog, prized for its delicate features, graceful movement, and dignified temperament. Standing around 20 to 27 cm tall and weighing approximately 1.8 to 3.2 kg, the breed is small but elegant. It has a distinctive, rounded head with a short, broad muzzle, large dark eyes, and a luxurious, flowing coat. Its feathered tail curls gracefully over its back, and its dainty, high-stepping gait adds to its aristocratic bearing.
Gentle, affectionate, and sensitive, the Japanese Chin is known for its cat-like qualities. It often uses its paws to wash its face and enjoys perching on high places to observe its surroundings. While devoted to its family, it can be reserved with strangers and thrives in calm, quiet households.
The breed became popular in the West during the 19th century, when several were gifted to Queen Victoria and other members of European royalty. Since then, it has maintained a niche following among those who appreciate its elegance, history, and sweet nature.
Today, the Japanese Chin remains a refined and affectionate companion, a living relic of Eastern court life and a favourite among those who admire beauty and grace in a small package.
Bichon Frise
The Bichon Frise is a cheerful, powder-puff of a dog with roots that stretch back to the Mediterranean region. Descended from water dogs such as the Barbet and related to breeds like the Maltese and Havanese, the Bichon became popular among sailors, who used the breed for bartering as they travelled across Europe. The name “Bichon Frise” roughly translates from French as “curly lap dog,” a nod to its soft, curly coat and companionable nature.
By the 16th century, the Bichon had captured the hearts of European nobility, particularly in France, Italy, and Spain. It was a favourite at the French court, beloved by monarchs such as Henry III and even featured in the paintings of great artists like Goya. However, like many breeds of noble favour, its popularity waned after the French Revolution, and it later found work as a street performer and circus dog due to its intelligence and charm.
The UK Kennel Club lists the Bichon Frise as standing between 23 and 28 cm tall and weighing around 5 to 8 kg. Its hallmark is its dense, white, curly coat, which requires regular grooming to maintain its distinctive, rounded appearance. The breed is sturdy yet refined, with dark, expressive eyes and a merry expression.
Bichon Frises are known for their playful, affectionate nature and get along well with children, other dogs, and strangers. They are intelligent, eager to please, and respond well to positive reinforcement training.
While no single Bichon has reached great fame in popular culture, the breed’s wins at prestigious dog shows—including Best in Show at Crufts in 2001 and Westminster in 2001—have kept it in the public eye. The Bichon Frise remains a joyful, sociable companion with both charm and history.
King Charles Spaniel
The King Charles Spaniel is a small, elegant breed with a royal lineage and a long-standing association with British nobility. It descends from the toy spaniels that were popular in European courts as early as the 16th century. These little dogs were particularly beloved by English royalty during the Stuart period, especially by King Charles II, who is said to have been so fond of them that he allowed them to roam freely throughout the royal palaces—even in Parliament. The breed was eventually named in his honour.
Distinct from the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, the King Charles Spaniel—sometimes called the English Toy Spaniel in the United States—is shorter in muzzle, more domed in skull, and has a more compact appearance. The UK Kennel Club lists its height at around 25–27 cm and its weight between 3.6 and 6.3 kg. Its luxurious, flowing coat, large dark eyes, and sweet expression make it instantly recognisable, and it comes in four colour varieties: Blenheim (red and white), Tricolour (black, white and tan), Black and Tan, and Ruby.
Originally bred as companion dogs, King Charles Spaniels are affectionate, gentle, and thrive on human company. They were often depicted in paintings by artists such as Van Dyck and Gainsborough, usually shown sitting serenely on the laps of aristocrats or nestled in fine interiors, underscoring their role as lapdogs of the elite.
Although not as commonly seen today as their Cavalier cousins, the King Charles Spaniel retains a quiet fanbase among those who appreciate its old-world charm, dignified presence, and undemanding nature. With its royal history and endearing personality, it remains a timeless and loyal companion.
Maltese
The Maltese is one of the oldest known toy breeds, with a history that dates back thousands of years. Its origins are believed to lie on the island of Malta, though some historians suggest the breed may have come from elsewhere in the Mediterranean and was simply refined on the island that gave it its name. The Maltese was favoured by ancient civilisations including the Greeks and Romans, with Aristotle even mentioning a small white dog believed to be the Maltese around 370 BC.
Throughout history, the breed has been associated with nobility and wealth. In Roman times, they were often pampered lapdogs of aristocratic women. They were depicted in art and mentioned in literature as symbols of luxury and refinement. By the Renaissance, the Maltese had become popular throughout Europe’s royal courts, particularly in France and England, where they were often seen in the arms of noblewomen.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Maltese should measure between 20 and 25 cm at the shoulder and weigh up to 3.2 kg. Its most defining feature is its long, flowing, pure white coat, which hangs straight and silky to the ground. The breed has dark, expressive eyes and a black nose, giving it a bright, alert expression.
The Maltese is known for its affectionate and lively personality. It forms strong bonds with its family and enjoys being the centre of attention. Despite its dainty appearance, it is a spirited and confident little dog, often unaware of its small size.
Over the centuries, the Maltese has remained a favourite lapdog of the elite, with no shortage of portraits and historical references attesting to its enduring popularity. Today, it continues to charm with its elegance, intelligence, and warm-hearted nature.
Chihuahua ( Long coat )
The long coat Chihuahua is a dainty yet spirited little dog with deep roots in Mexican history and a striking appearance that belies its tiny size. The breed takes its name from the Mexican state of Chihuahua, where the modern version was refined, but its ancestors are thought to date back to pre-Columbian times. Small companion dogs resembling the Chihuahua were kept by the ancient Toltec and Aztec civilizations, often believed to hold spiritual significance.
The long coat variety is not a separate breed but a coat type within the Chihuahua breed, the other being smooth coat. The long coat developed through selective breeding, possibly with influence from Papillons or Pomeranians, and features a soft, fine, and often slightly wavy coat with feathering on the ears, legs, and tail.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the ideal weight for a Chihuahua is up to 2.7 kg, with no specific height given. Despite their small stature, long coat Chihuahuas are confident, alert, and often described as having a “big dog” attitude in a tiny body. They are loyal to their owners, often forming a strong attachment to one person, and can be reserved or wary around strangers.
Long coat Chihuahuas require regular grooming to prevent matting, particularly around the ears and undercarriage. Their elegant appearance and expressive eyes make them especially appealing to those looking for a companion dog with character and charm.
Chihuahuas have long been popular in popular culture and celebrity circles. Famous long coat Chihuahuas include “Gidget,” who played the Taco Bell dog in the 1990s, and numerous others featured in films, TV shows, and fashion spreads.
Today, the long coat Chihuahua continues to win hearts with its blend of beauty, loyalty, and bold personality—all packed into one of the smallest bodies in the canine world.
Bolognese
The Bolognese is a rare and charming toy breed that hails from Italy, specifically the city of Bologna, from which it takes its name. It belongs to the Bichon family of dogs, sharing ancestry with breeds such as the Maltese, Bichon Frise, and Havanese. For centuries, the Bolognese was treasured by Italian aristocracy and was commonly given as a gift between noble families across Europe, especially during the Renaissance.
Highly prized as a companion, the Bolognese was bred solely for human company rather than work. It was a favourite among the Italian elite and also gained popularity in the courts of Spain, Belgium, and France. The breed appears in paintings by artists such as Titian and Goya, often shown sitting on the laps of noblewomen, underlining its historical role as a pampered lapdog.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Bolognese stands between 25 and 30 cm tall and weighs approximately 2.5 to 4 kg. Its defining feature is its pure white, long, and fluffy coat, which differs from the silky coat of the Maltese by being more cotton-like in texture. The coat does not shed, but it requires regular grooming to prevent tangling and matting.
Gentle, affectionate, and loyal, the Bolognese tends to form a strong bond with its family. It is calm and observant but playful and curious, making it an ideal companion for quieter households. Though less outgoing than some other toy breeds, it is deeply devoted and can be sensitive to changes in routine or separation.
Today, the Bolognese remains a rare breed outside of Europe but is admired by enthusiasts for its quiet intelligence, affectionate temperament, and timeless elegance. Its regal past and devoted nature make it a hidden gem among toy breeds.
Lowchen
The Löwchen, often called the “Little Lion Dog,” is a rare and distinctive toy breed with a history that dates back several centuries. Originating in Europe, particularly France and Germany, the Löwchen was a popular companion among the aristocracy during the Renaissance. Its name, meaning “little lion” in German, comes from the traditional lion-style trim that was used to groom the breed, leaving a shaved hindquarters and a full mane around the chest and head, giving it a striking and noble appearance.
The Löwchen is believed to have existed for over 500 years, often depicted in paintings alongside European nobility. Though primarily bred as a companion dog, its lively and intelligent nature also made it an alert watchdog. It nearly faced extinction in the 20th century but was revived by dedicated breeders, helping the breed regain its status as a cherished pet.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Löwchen stands about 25 to 32 cm at the shoulder and typically weighs between 4 and 8 kg. It has a long, flowing coat that can come in a variety of colours, often wavy or curly, which requires regular grooming to maintain its distinctive look. The breed’s charming lion trim remains popular in show circles, though many pet owners prefer a simpler cut.
Löwchens are known for their friendly, outgoing, and affectionate personalities. They are intelligent and eager to please, making them responsive to training. Despite their small size, they have a confident and sometimes cheeky attitude, often unaware of their diminutive stature.
While not widely famous, the Löwchen has steadily gained recognition among toy breed enthusiasts for its unique appearance, gentle temperament, and rich history as a noble companion.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a beloved and elegant breed with a rich heritage tied to British royalty. It was developed in the early 20th century by breeders who aimed to recreate the small toy spaniels seen in 17th-century portraits of King Charles II, from whom the breed takes its name. Unlike the King Charles Spaniel, the Cavalier features a longer muzzle and a flatter skull, reflecting the appearance of the spaniels popular during the Stuart period.
The breed typically stands between 30 and 33 cm at the shoulder and weighs around 5.4 to 8 kg, making it slightly larger than its close relative, the King Charles Spaniel. Cavaliers have a silky, medium-length coat that comes in four recognized colours: Blenheim (chestnut and white), Tricolour (black, white and tan), Black and Tan, and Ruby (solid red). Their expressive, large dark eyes and sweet, gentle expression are hallmarks of the breed.
Bred primarily as companion dogs, Cavaliers are affectionate, friendly, and highly social. They are known for their gentle nature, making them excellent family pets and great with children. Their adaptable temperament allows them to thrive in various living situations, from city apartments to country homes.
The breed has gained international popularity, often seen in films, television, and as companions to celebrities. One notable Cavalier was “Pal,” the dog who played Lassie in the original television series, though that was a Rough Collie, the Cavalier’s charm has similarly made it a favourite among dog lovers worldwide.
Today, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel remains one of the most popular toy breeds, admired for its combination of beauty, grace, and a loving personality that continues to captivate dog enthusiasts everywhere.
Miniature Pinscher
The Miniature Pinscher, often nicknamed the “Min Pin,” is a small yet bold and energetic breed with a proud, almost regal bearing. Despite its resemblance to the Dobermann, the Miniature Pinscher is not a miniature version of it—in fact, it predates the Dobermann by several decades and has its own distinct history.
Originating in Germany, the Miniature Pinscher was developed as a ratter, used to control vermin in homes and stables. Its ancestry includes breeds such as the German Pinscher, Dachshund, and possibly the Italian Greyhound. The breed was refined in the late 19th and early 20th centuries into the spirited and compact dog we know today.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Miniature Pinscher stands between 25 and 30 cm at the shoulder and weighs around 4 to 5 kg. It has a short, smooth coat that lies close to the body and comes in colours such as black and tan, chocolate and tan, or solid red. The breed’s sleek, muscular frame, high-stepping gait, and alert expression give it an unmistakable presence.
Miniature Pinschers are confident, intelligent, and full of character. They are often described as having a “big dog” attitude in a small body. Naturally curious and energetic, they require consistent training and plenty of mental and physical stimulation. Though loyal and affectionate with their families, they can be independent and assertive, sometimes challenging inexperienced owners.
While not commonly seen in mainstream pop culture, the Miniature Pinscher enjoys a loyal following among enthusiasts who appreciate its fiery personality, elegant form, and compact size. Today, the Min Pin continues to charm those seeking a small dog with a bold heart and an unmistakable air of self-importance.
Chihuahua ( Smooth Coat )
The smooth coated Chihuahua is the smallest recognised dog breed in the world, yet it carries a bold and confident personality that far exceeds its diminutive size. Named after the Mexican state of Chihuahua, where the breed was discovered in the mid-19th century, the Chihuahua has roots that trace back to ancient times. It is believed to descend from the Techichi, a small companion dog kept by the Toltec civilisation, later adopted and revered by the Aztecs.
The smooth coated variety is one of two coat types within the breed, the other being the long coat. Smooth coated Chihuahuas have a short, glossy, and close-fitting coat that accentuates their neat, compact frame. This low-maintenance coat makes them popular among owners seeking an easy-care companion.
According to the UK Kennel Club, Chihuahuas typically weigh up to 2.7 kg, with no height standard given, though most stand between 15 and 23 cm tall. Despite their size, they are lively, intelligent, and fiercely loyal to their owners. They often form strong bonds with one person and can be wary of strangers, making them excellent little watchdogs.
Smooth coated Chihuahuas are spirited and alert, often described as having a “terrier-like” attitude. They thrive in homes where they can be close to their people and involved in daily life. While affectionate, they can also be bold and sassy, and early socialisation is important to prevent timidity or excessive barking.
The breed has enjoyed widespread popularity, especially in the United States, where it became a pop culture icon thanks to appearances in films, fashion, and advertising. Despite their glamourous image, smooth coated Chihuahuas are true companions at heart—clever, brave, and deeply devoted to those they trust.
Papillon
The Papillon is a graceful and intelligent toy breed with a noble history and an instantly recognisable appearance. Named after the French word for “butterfly,” the breed gets its name from its distinctive ears, which are large, fringed, and held upright—resembling the open wings of a butterfly. A variation with dropped ears is known as the Phalène, meaning “moth.”
The Papillon’s origins can be traced back several centuries to continental Europe, particularly France, Italy, and Belgium. It is one of the oldest of the toy spaniels, appearing in numerous paintings by Old Masters such as Titian, Rubens, and Van Dyck, often depicted in the arms of queens and aristocrats. The breed was a particular favourite in the French royal court, especially among ladies of high society.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Papillon stands between 20 and 28 cm at the shoulder and weighs between 1.8 and 4.5 kg. It has a fine-boned yet athletic build, a plumed tail that arches over its back, and a flowing, silky coat that requires regular grooming but does not mat easily. Despite its dainty appearance, the Papillon is surprisingly robust and active.
Papillons are known for their lively, friendly, and intelligent temperament. They are quick learners, excel in obedience and agility, and are often seen in competitive dog sports. Their alertness and responsiveness make them a pleasure to train, and they tend to be sociable with both people and other dogs.
While not every Papillon is a household name, the breed gained international fame when a Papillon named Kirby won Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1999. Today, the Papillon remains a popular choice for those seeking a small dog with charm, brains, and a long-standing aristocratic pedigree.
Chinese Crested
The Chinese Crested is a unique and elegant toy breed known for its unusual appearance and affectionate nature. Despite its name, the breed’s true origins are unclear. Hairless dogs have existed in Africa, Central and South America, and Asia for centuries. It’s believed that Chinese traders carried small hairless dogs aboard their ships to control vermin, spreading the breed across the globe. Over time, these dogs became associated with Chinese ports, giving rise to the name “Chinese Crested.”
There are two varieties within the breed: the Hairless, which has soft, exposed skin with tufts of hair on the head (crest), feet (socks), and tail (plume), and the Powderpuff, which is fully coated with a soft, silky double coat. Both types can be born in the same litter and are identical in temperament.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Chinese Crested typically stands between 23 and 33 cm at the shoulder and weighs around 2.3 to 5.4 kg. Despite its fragile appearance, the breed is surprisingly sturdy and agile. The skin of the Hairless variety requires special care to protect it from sunburn, dryness, or irritation.
Chinese Cresteds are affectionate, lively, and deeply devoted to their owners. They are often described as “velcro dogs” due to their strong desire to stay close to their humans. Playful and intelligent, they can be easily trained and enjoy games and mental stimulation. They tend to be gentle with children and get along well with other pets when properly socialised.
While not commonly seen in the show ring until the 20th century, the breed gained notoriety in popular culture for its appearance—both endearing and eccentric. One of the most famous Cresteds was Sam, a rescue dog who won the “World’s Ugliest Dog” contest multiple times, drawing attention to the breed’s charm and individuality.
Today, the Chinese Crested remains a loyal and entertaining companion, cherished by those who appreciate its quirky looks, loving personality, and rich, globe-trotting history.
Pekingese
The Pekingese is a dignified and ancient toy breed that once lived exclusively within the walls of Chinese imperial palaces. Bred to be companions to royalty, particularly the emperors of the Tang and Ming dynasties, the Pekingese was revered as a sacred creature, believed to embody spiritual protection and regal presence. Theft of a royal Pekingese was once punishable by death, and the breed lived lives of extraordinary privilege.
Legend holds that the Pekingese was created by the Buddha, who shrank a lion down to dog size—hence the breed’s lion-like appearance and confident, almost aloof demeanour. The breed remained unknown in the West until 1860, when British troops looted the Summer Palace during the Second Opium War and brought several Pekingese dogs back to England. One was gifted to Queen Victoria and named “Looty.”
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Pekingese stands about 15–23 cm at the shoulder and typically weighs 3.2 to 6.4 kg. Despite their small size, they are surprisingly heavy for their stature, with a sturdy, compact body and a rolling gait known as the “imperial swagger.” The coat is long and profuse, particularly around the neck and shoulders, giving the impression of a lion’s mane. Regular grooming is essential to keep the coat in good condition.
Pekingese are loyal, courageous, and often independent. While affectionate with their families, they tend to be reserved with strangers and may be aloof or stubborn at times. Their calm nature makes them well-suited to quiet households.
Over the years, the Pekingese has maintained its regal charm, with several having won Best in Show at prestigious events—including Wasabi, who took the top prize at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 2021. The Pekingese remains a symbol of noble elegance and enduring loyalty.
Coton De Tulear
The Coton de Tulear is a charming and affectionate toy breed known for its cotton-soft coat and joyful personality. Originating in Madagascar, the breed is named after the port city of Tulear (now Toliara) and the French word “coton”, meaning cotton, in reference to its unique, fluffy white coat. It is believed that small white dogs, possibly descended from the Bichon-type breeds, were brought to Madagascar by sailors or shipwreck survivors in the 16th or 17th century, where they developed in isolation and became the cherished companions of the island’s nobility.
For many years, the Coton de Tulear was known as the “Royal Dog of Madagascar,” kept exclusively by the Merina aristocracy. It remained relatively unknown outside the island until the 1970s, when French travellers and expatriates began to import the breed into Europe and North America. Today, it is increasingly recognised around the world for its delightful temperament and striking appearance.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Coton de Tulear stands between 22 and 28 cm tall and weighs between 3.5 and 6.5 kg. Its hallmark is its dense, soft, and fluffy coat, which is usually pure white, although slight shadings of champagne or grey may appear on the ears. The coat requires regular grooming but does not shed heavily, making the breed a popular choice for allergy sufferers.
Coton de Tulears are intelligent, lively, and eager to please. They form strong bonds with their families and are often described as clownish, affectionate, and full of character. Despite their gentle and easy-going nature, they enjoy activity and play, and their adaptability makes them excellent companions in both city and country homes.
The breed remains relatively rare but is adored by those who know it, combining the charm of a lapdog with the spirit of a loyal best friend.
Pomeranian
The Pomeranian is a bold and lively toy breed with a rich history and a famously fluffy coat. Originating from the region of Pomerania, which spans parts of modern-day northern Poland and Germany, the breed descends from larger Spitz-type sled dogs. Over time, these dogs were selectively bred down in size to become ideal companions for European nobility.
The Pomeranian gained widespread fame in the 19th century when Queen Victoria, a devoted dog lover, imported a particularly small specimen from Italy and began a breeding programme to reduce the breed’s size. Her enthusiasm helped establish the modern Pomeranian as a fashionable lapdog, and its popularity has only grown since.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Pomeranian stands around 20 cm at the shoulder and typically weighs between 1.8 and 2.5 kg. Despite its small frame, it has a big presence, with a distinctive foxy face, pricked ears, and a dense double coat that forms a ruff around the neck, giving it a lion-like appearance. Its plumed tail arches proudly over its back, completing its elegant silhouette.
Pomeranians are known for their intelligence, confidence, and spirited personality. They are alert and inquisitive, often acting as if they’re much larger than they really are. While affectionate with their families, they can be vocal and are excellent watchdogs for their size.
The breed has maintained a strong foothold in popular culture, with famous owners including Mozart, Marie Antoinette, and more recently, social media stars like Boo and Jiffpom, who have brought the breed modern celebrity status.
Today, the Pomeranian remains one of the most popular toy breeds worldwide—adored for its personality, beauty, and unmistakable charm packed into a tiny, energetic package.
English Toy Terrier ( Black & Tan )
The English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan) is one of Britain’s oldest native toy breeds, with a sleek, elegant appearance and a spirited terrier heart. It was originally bred in the 19th century as a miniature version of the larger Black and Tan Terrier (the ancestor of today’s Manchester Terrier) and was highly prized for its ratting abilities as well as its suitability as a stylish companion.
During the Victorian era, English Toy Terriers became fashionable lapdogs among the middle and upper classes, often appearing in ladies’ parlours and on city streets. Their small size and alert nature also made them ideal for performing in rat-baiting contests, which were a popular (though now outlawed) sport of the time.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the English Toy Terrier stands between 25 and 30 cm at the shoulder and weighs around 2.7 to 3.6 kg. It has a smooth, close-fitting black and tan coat, long and narrow head, and distinctive candle-flame shaped ears. The breed is fine-boned but muscular, with a graceful, high-stepping gait and a confident demeanour.
Though small in stature, the English Toy Terrier is very much a terrier—alert, intelligent, and occasionally stubborn. It is loyal and affectionate with its family and tends to bond closely with one person. The breed is generally reserved with strangers and makes an excellent little watchdog due to its keen hearing and sharp bark.
While relatively rare today, dedicated breeders have worked to preserve this historic breed. It remains appreciated by enthusiasts for its elegance, intelligence, and loyal nature. The English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan) is a proud little dog that brings together the refinement of a toy breed with the bold character of a true terrier.
Pug
The Pug is a beloved and instantly recognisable toy breed known for its wrinkled face, curled tail, and expressive, comical personality. With origins that trace back over 2,000 years, the Pug is believed to have been bred as a companion dog for Chinese emperors during the Han dynasty. These small dogs were treasured by the imperial court and lived luxurious lives, often guarded by soldiers and pampered as noble companions.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Dutch traders brought Pugs to Europe, where they quickly became favourites of the aristocracy. In the Netherlands, the breed became a symbol of the royal House of Orange after a Pug reportedly alerted Prince William of Orange to an assassination attempt. The breed spread to France and England, finding favour with royals such as Queen Victoria, who kept and bred Pugs herself.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the ideal Pug stands around 25 to 30 cm tall and weighs between 6.3 and 8.1 kg. It has a compact, square body, a deep chest, and strong legs. Its short, smooth coat comes in several colours, including fawn with a black mask, black, apricot, and silver. The breed’s large, round eyes and distinctive facial wrinkles contribute to its unique and expressive appearance.
Pugs are affectionate, sociable, and often described as little clowns. They thrive on human companionship and get along well with children and other animals. Their even temperament, coupled with their playful and loving nature, makes them ideal family pets. Though not athletic, they enjoy short bursts of play and are content lounging near their owners.
From ancient palaces in China to the laps of modern dog lovers worldwide, the Pug has remained a cherished companion for centuries—combining charm, loyalty, and a delightful touch of humour in a small, wrinkled package.
Griffon Bruxellois
The Griffon Bruxellois is a small, expressive toy breed with a distinctive face and a big personality. Originating in Brussels, Belgium, in the 19th century, the breed was developed from small terrier-like stable dogs known as Griffons d’Écurie, which were used to keep rats at bay. These dogs were later crossed with breeds such as the Affenpinscher, Pug, and possibly the Ruby King Charles Spaniel to refine their appearance and create the charming companion dog we know today.
There are three varieties of this breed: the Griffon Bruxellois (rough-coated, red), the Griffon Belge (rough-coated, black or black and tan), and the Petit Brabançon (smooth-coated). In the UK, the Kennel Club groups them under the general name Griffon Bruxellois, but they are judged separately in some other countries.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Griffon stands about 18 to 20 cm tall and typically weighs 3.5 to 6 kg. Its most distinctive feature is its almost human-like face: large, dark, wide-set eyes; a short, upturned nose; and a pronounced stop, giving it a comical, almost monkey-like expression. The rough-coated varieties have a wiry, weather-resistant coat with a prominent beard and moustache, while the smooth coat is glossy and close-lying.
Griffon Bruxellois are affectionate, alert, and full of character. They form strong bonds with their owners and often prefer to be close by at all times. While they are intelligent and eager to please, they can be sensitive and don’t respond well to harsh training methods. Early socialisation helps ensure a confident and sociable temperament.
A Griffon Bruxellois gained pop culture fame in the 1997 film As Good As It Gets, where “Verdell,” Jack Nicholson’s scene-stealing companion, showcased the breed’s charm to a wider audience. Today, the Griffon remains a rare but much-admired breed, adored for its quirky looks, loyal heart, and expressive personality.
Russian Toy
The Russian Toy is a tiny and elegant breed that traces its origins back to the small companion dogs brought to Russia from Western Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is believed to have descended from the English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan) and possibly the Italian Greyhound, resulting in a delicate but lively dog prized for its grace and affectionate nature. The breed became particularly popular among Russian nobility and urban families seeking a small, elegant lapdog.
The Russian Toy comes in two coat varieties: smooth and long coat. Both have a fine bone structure, large expressive eyes, and prominent ears that add to their alert and curious expression. According to the UK Kennel Club, the breed stands between 20 and 28 cm tall and weighs no more than 3 kg, making it one of the smallest toy breeds.
Despite its diminutive size, the Russian Toy is known for its energetic and lively temperament. It is intelligent, affectionate, and forms strong bonds with its owners. The breed is alert and can be a vocal watchdog, but it is also gentle and playful, enjoying both active playtime and quiet companionship.
The Russian Toy has gained some recognition in dog shows internationally but remains relatively rare outside its home country. Its combination of elegance, loyalty, and spirited personality make it a delightful companion for those looking for a small dog with both beauty and character.
Havanese
The Havanese is a charming and adaptable toy breed with roots deeply embedded in Cuban history. It is the national dog of Cuba, where it developed from the now-extinct Blanquito de la Habana, a small white companion dog brought to the Caribbean by Spanish settlers in the 18th century. Over time, these dogs were bred in isolation on the island, resulting in the Havanese’s distinctive appearance and friendly temperament.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Havanese typically stands between 23 and 27 cm tall and weighs around 4 to 7 kg. It has a long, silky, and slightly wavy coat that comes in a variety of colours and patterns, requiring regular grooming to maintain its softness and prevent mats. The breed’s expressive eyes, lively personality, and charming smile make it instantly endearing.
Known for its intelligence and affectionate nature, the Havanese thrives on human companionship and enjoys being an active part of family life. It is playful, social, and gets along well with children and other pets. The breed’s adaptable temperament makes it equally happy living in apartments or larger homes.
The Havanese has gained international popularity as a companion dog, praised for its balance of energy and gentleness. It has also done well in obedience and agility competitions due to its eagerness to learn and pleasing disposition.
Today, the Havanese continues to be loved worldwide for its sweet temperament, striking appearance, and loyal companionship, making it a favourite among toy dog enthusiasts and families alike.
Yorkshire Terrier
The Yorkshire Terrier, often affectionately called the “Yorkie,” is a small but spirited toy breed with a rich history rooted in 19th-century England. Developed in the county of Yorkshire, the breed was originally bred by working-class families as a ratter to catch rats and mice in textile mills and coal mines. It likely descended from crosses of several terrier breeds, including the Waterside Terrier and the now-extinct Clydesdale Terrier.
According to the UK Kennel Club, the Yorkshire Terrier typically stands about 20 to 23 cm tall at the shoulder and weighs around 3.2 kg (7 lbs). Despite its small size, the Yorkie has a confident and bold personality. It features a distinctive long, silky coat that is fine in texture and usually steel blue and tan in colour. Its coat requires regular grooming to maintain its lustrous appearance.
Yorkshire Terriers are known for their intelligence, loyalty, and lively temperament. They are affectionate companions, often forming strong bonds with their owners, and they thrive on attention. Yorkies are alert and can be vocal, making them excellent watchdogs. Though small, they carry a big-dog attitude and can be fearless when faced with larger dogs or unfamiliar situations.
The breed has enjoyed lasting popularity worldwide, becoming a favourite among city dwellers and families alike. Famous Yorkies include “Stubbs,” who served as the honorary mayor of Talkeetna, Alaska, and many celebrity pets that have helped maintain the breed’s fashionable status.
Today, the Yorkshire Terrier remains one of the most popular toy breeds globally, admired for its beautiful coat, spirited personality, and unwavering devotion.
